What They Are: Phosphates are phosphorus-based compounds—think sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP)—used to boost cleaning power by softening water and breaking down grime. They’re natural in small doses but synthetic in most products.
Where They’re Found:
- Detergents: Laundry and dish soaps (especially older formulas—UK phased them out in 2013 for laundry, but some imports linger).
- Household Cleaners: All-purpose sprays, dishwasher tablets.
- Personal Care: Some shampoos and toothpastes (e.g., as sodium phosphate).
Damage They Cause:
- Environmental: Washed into rivers, they spark algal blooms (eutrophication)—suffocating fish and turning waters green.
- Health: Skin irritation from residue; if ingested (e.g., via water), linked to kidney stress or heart issues in high doses